Oral cancer, also called mouth cancer, can develop in many areas of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, and even the roof or floor of the mouth. The American Cancer Society stresses that early detection greatly improves treatment outcomes.

The challenge is that early signs are often subtle and easy to overlook. This makes awareness—and routine dental visits—essential for catching problems before they progress.

One of the most common warning signs is a sore in the mouth that doesn’t heal within two weeks. These sores may appear on the lips, gums, or inner cheeks and might not hurt at first, but they require medical attention.

Changes in tissue color are another red flag. White patches (leukoplakia), red patches (erythroplakia), or a mix of both can indicate abnormal growth. Persistent patches should always be checked by a dentist or doctor.

Other symptoms include unexplained bleeding, lumps or thickened areas, and rough patches in the mouth or throat. While they are often painless in the beginning, they can grow over time. Persistent numbness, tingling, or discomfort in the lips, chin, or tongue may also signal nerve involvement.

Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or speaking should not be dismissed, as these problems can sometimes point to oral or throat cancers. Chronic bad breath that doesn’t improve with good hygiene may also be a sign of deeper issues.

Risk factors include tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, HPV infection, excessive sun exposure, poor diet, and being over 40. Those with these risks should prioritize regular screenings. Dentists can often detect early warning signs during routine exams, and the Mayo Clinic recommends visiting at least twice a year.

In conclusion, oral cancer is highly treatable when found early. Paying attention to persistent changes in your mouth and seeking prompt care could make a life-saving difference.